ABSTRACT
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide and the prognosis still remains dismal, so the present work was planned to assess the prognostic value of Ki67 in mice model of HCC induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN), in addition to its correlation to the histopathological changes. Forty male Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into two groups; group I: 10 mice were served as controls and group II: 30 mice were injected i.p with DEN at a dose of 75 mg/kg b.w once /week for three weeks then 100 mg/kg b.w for another 3 weeks. Mice were sacrificed after 6, 12 and 18 weeks from the beginning of the experiment. Liver specimens were processed for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical expression of Ki67. Results of histopathological study revealed spotty necrosis with enlarged nuclei and cholestasis 6 weeks after DEN injection. Proliferation of bile ducts, perivenous focal apoptosis and increased number of cells acquiring large nuclei were prominent after 12 weeks. Deleterious effect of DEN was obvious after 18 weeks; where HCC features were seen as sheets of malignant hepatocytes, multinodular areas of coagulative necrosis and nodule of ghosts' necrotic hepatocytes. Collagen deposition was time dependent and showed maximum level around and within nodules in HCC after 18 weeks. Immunohistochemical expression of Ki67 showed increased positivity after 6 and 12 weeks and the highest increase in the number of Ki67 positive cells after 18 weeks of DEN injection. Conclusion: Based on the previous data, it could be concluded that ki67 can be used as a biological marker for prognosis of HCC.
ABSTRACT
Context: Lymphatic invasion and nodal metastasis play a major role in the spread and prognosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma (EC). Aims: In this study, we investigate tumor lymph-angiogenesis, detected by D2-40, as a predictive marker for the risk of lymph node (LN) metastasis and its relation to other prognostic parameters in EC. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five cases of EC treated with total hysterectomy and pelvic LN dissection were reviewed. All cases were immunostained for D2-40. Positively stained microvessels (MV) were counted in densely lymphovascular foci (hotspots) at X 400 field (0.17 mm2). Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performing using Chi square "X 2" test. Results: Lymphovascular invasion was detected in 20 / 55 patients by D2-40 and 14 / 55 by routine hematoxylin and eosin (H and E). Peritumoral lymphatic vessel (LV) count was significantly higher than intratumoral LV count (17 + 7 versus 5 + 4 / 0.17 mm 2 , P < 0.01). Peritumoral D2-40 lymphovascular counts correlated significantly with FIGO grade (P < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.001) and LN metastases (P = 0.005). However, it showed non-significant correlation with peritoneal wash positivity (P = 0.830) and stage of the disease (P = 0.341). Intratumoral lymphovascular invasion detected by D2-40 showed significant correlation with LN metastases (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Our study shows that assessing LVD with D2-40 in the endometrial carcinoma might be a valuable parameter for predicting patients having an increased risk of developing of metastatic disease. In addition, D2-40 increases the frequency of detection of lymphatic invasion relative to routine H and E stain.